Linux Command - 7z
linux 下的 压缩/解压缩 命令 —— 7z。
7-Zip: p7zip@github, P7ZIP@sourceforge
macOS 下执行 brew info p7zip 查看 7-Zip 信息：
$ brew info p7zip
==> p7zip ✔: stable 17.06 (bottled)
7-Zip (high compression file archiver) implementation
https://github.com/p7zip-project/p7zip
Installed (on request)
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/p7zip/17.06 (107 files, 9.6MB) *
Poured from bottle using the formulae.brew.sh API on 2025-04-20 at 17:29:49
From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/HEAD/Formula/p/p7zip.rb
License: LGPL-2.1-or-later AND GPL-2.0-or-later
==> Downloading https://formulae.brew.sh/api/formula/p7zip.json
==> Analytics
install: 11,710 (30 days), 34,403 (90 days), 122,191 (365 days)
install-on-request: 10,130 (30 days), 29,899 (90 days), 103,578 (365 days)
build-error: 1 (30 days)
执行 brew install p7zip 安装 7-Zip 命令行工具 7z。
7z#
输入 7z 或 7z --help 查看命令帮助（Usage）：
$ 7z↵
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=utf8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,8 CPUs x64)
Usage: 7z <command> [<switches>...] <archive_name> [<file_names>...]
[<@listfiles...>]
<Commands>
a : Add files to archive
b : Benchmark
d : Delete files from archive
e : Extract files from archive (without using directory names)
h : Calculate hash values for files
i : Show information about supported formats
l : List contents of archive
rn : Rename files in archive
t : Test integrity of archive
u : Update files to archive
x : eXtract files with full paths
<Switches>
-- : Stop switches parsing
...
man#
执行 man 7z 查看使用手册。
SYNOPSIS#
NAME
7z - A file archiver with highest compression ratio
SYNOPSIS
7z [adeltux] [-] [SWITCH] <ARCHIVE_NAME> <ARGUMENTS>...
DESCRIPTION#
DESCRIPTION
7-Zip is a file archiver with the highest compression ratio. The program supports
7z (that implements LZMA compression algorithm), ZIP, CAB, ARJ, GZIP, BZIP2, TAR,
CPIO, RPM and DEB formats. Compression ratio in the new 7z format is 30-50% better
than ratio in ZIP format.
7z uses plugins to handle archives.
FUNCTION LETTERS
a Add
d Delete
e Extract
l List
t Test
u Update
x eXtract with full paths
SWITCHES
-t{Type}
Type of archive (7z, zip, gzip, bzip2 or tar. 7z format is default)
SEE ALSO
7za(1), 7zr(1), bzip2(1), gzip(1), zip(1)
demo#
add#
Add logs into avg_speed.7z:
$ 7z a avg_speed.7z ~/Downloads/Logs/*-avg_speed.log
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=utf8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,8 CPUs x64)
Scanning the drive:
4 files, 6856 bytes (7 KiB)
Creating archive: avg_speed.7z
Items to compress: 4
Files read from disk: 4
Archive size: 1594 bytes (2 KiB)
Everything is Ok
Add pngs into map_image.7z:
$ 7z a map_image.7z ~/Downloads/Images/map-*.png
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=utf8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,8 CPUs x64)
Scanning the drive:
3 files, 8099973 bytes (7911 KiB)
Creating archive: map_image.7z
Items to compress: 3
Files read from disk: 3
Archive size: 8004351 bytes (7817 KiB)
Everything is Ok
list#
Use the file command to view the file properties.
$ file avg_speed.7z
avg_speed.7z: 7-zip archive data, version 0.4
faner@FAN-MB1:~/Downloads/zip
$ file -bI avg_speed.7z
application/x-7z-compressed; charset=binary
Use the subcommand 7z l (short for list) to view the contents of a compressed file suffixed with 7z.
$ 7z l avg_speed.7z
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=utf8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,8 CPUs x64)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 1594 bytes (2 KiB)
Listing archive: avg_speed.7z
--
Path = avg_speed.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 1594
Headers Size = 231
Method = LZMA2:13
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2019-12-01 16:54:37 ....A 2394 1363 2019-12-01-10-avg_speed.log
2019-12-01 16:55:40 ....A 1638 2019-12-01-11-avg_speed.log
2019-12-01 17:00:15 ....A 1640 2019-12-01-15-avg_speed.log
2019-12-01 21:38:03 ....A 1184 2019-12-01-21-avg_speed.log
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2019-12-01 21:38:03 6856 1363 4 files
View the contents of a compressed file suffixed with rar.
$ file Audio.Hijack.v3.3.7.rar
Audio.Hijack.v3.3.7.rar: RAR archive data, v5
faner@FAN-MB1:~/Downloads/zip
$ file -bI Audio.Hijack.v3.3.7.rar
application/x-rar; charset=binary
$ 7z l Audio.Hijack.v3.3.7.rar
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=utf8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,8 CPUs x64)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 17370173 bytes (17 MiB)
Listing archive: Audio.Hijack.v3.3.7.rar
--
Path = Audio.Hijack.v3.3.7.rar
Type = Rar5
Physical Size = 17370173
Characteristics = Recovery Lock
Solid = -
Blocks = 1
Encrypted = -
Multivolume = -
Volumes = 1
Comment =
0daydown.com
Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2018-04-12 08:14:39 ....A 16511034 16511034 Audio.Hijack.v3.3.7.dmg
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2018-04-12 08:14:39 16511034 16511034 1 files
extract#
7z e *.7z 默认解压到当前目录，解压出来的文件平铺在当前目录，丢失了原有打包前的目录结构。
若想解压后，保持
7z l中展示的打包前的目录结构，可使用x替换e子命令。
建议通过 -o 参数指定解压目录：7z e avg_speed.7z -o./avg_speed。
以下示范 macOS 下利用 7z 解压 rar 文件：
$ 7z e Audio.Hijack.v3.3.7.rar -o./Audio.Hijack.v3.3.7
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=utf8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,8 CPUs x64)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 17370173 bytes (17 MiB)
Extracting archive: Audio.Hijack.v3.3.7.rar
--
Path = Audio.Hijack.v3.3.7.rar
Type = Rar5
Physical Size = 17370173
Characteristics = Recovery Lock
Solid = -
Blocks = 1
Encrypted = -
Multivolume = -
Volumes = 1
Comment =
0daydown.com
Everything is Ok
Size: 16511034
Compressed: 17370173
e 和 x 这两个命令的核心区别在于是否保留压缩包内部的目录结构。
e(Extract) 是“暴力倾倒”：不管文件原来在哪，全拿出来平铺放在一起。x(eXtract with full paths) 是“专业复原”：原封不动地还原原来的文件夹层级。
假设有一个名叫 data.7z 的压缩包，里面的目录结构如下：
e 命令：简单粗暴的“暴力倾倒”#
行为逻辑：7z 会把压缩包里所有的文件直接扔到你指定的目录（如果不指定，就是当前目录），彻底抛弃它们原本所在的 images 或 docs 文件夹。
生动场景：当你下载了一个壁纸包，里面几十张图片全部分门别类放在各个文件夹里，但你只想把它们全部拿出来设为桌面轮换，根本不在乎它们原来叫什么文件夹。这时候用 e 最省事。
操作演示：
解压后的结果（所有文件混在一起）：
x 命令：严谨细致的“专业复原”（⭐️最常用）#
行为逻辑：7z 会像一个专业的档案管理员一样，不仅把文件拿出来，还会自动帮你建好原本的文件夹，把文件各归各位。
生动场景：这是你90%的情况下都应该使用的命令。比如你在备份网站数据、传输代码项目，或者下载了别人整理好的学习资料。一旦丢了目录结构，整个项目可能就跑不起来，或者变得一团糟。
操作演示：
解压后的结果（完美复刻原结构）：
避坑小贴士#
在日常使用中，强烈建议你把 x 命令刻在肌肉记忆里。
因为如果你习惯使用 e，但某天遇到一个里面全是 index.html 的庞大代码库，执行完 e 后，你会发现几百个同名文件互相覆盖，或者全部挤在一个文件夹里，根本分不清谁是谁，到时候就只能欲哭无泪地重新下载了。