Linux Command - tar/bzip2

linux 下的压缩/解压缩（tar）命令。

Archiving and compression - ArchWiki: The traditional Unix archiving and compression tools are separated according to the Unix philosophy:

A file archiver combines several files into one archive file, e.g. tar.
A compression tool compresses and decompresses data, e.g. gzip.

These tools are often used in sequence by firstly creating an archive file and then compressing it.

A GNU compressed archive, commonly ending in .gz, .tar.gz, or .tgz, is a file compressed using the GNU Gzip Project. It compresses data to save space without losing quality. Often, multiple files are bundled together using tar before compression, creating a "tarball".

GNU tar 1.35: 8.1.1 Creating and Reading Compressed Archives

An archive is a file that acts as a container for other files. It can contain many files, folders, and subfolders, usually in compressed form using gzip or bzip2 program on Unix like operating systems.

extension	extractor
`.Z`	compress
`.gz`	gzip
`.bz2`	bzip2
`.zip`	zip (possibly a Windows program like `Winzip`)

A compressed archive bundles multiple files and folders into a single file while shrinking their total size. This makes file sharing, backups, and storage much easier.

Popular formats include .zip for broad compatibility, .rar for high ratios, and .7z for maximum compression.

tar - tape archives#

tar is a file format and a file archiver program. The program combines multiple files into a single archive file in the tar file format. It was originally developed for magnetic tape computer storage – reading and writing data for a sequential I/O device with no file system, and the name is short for the format description "tape archive". When stored in a file system, a file that tar reads and writes is often called a tarball.

NAME
     tar -- manipulate tape archives

SYNOPSIS
     tar [bundled-flags <args>] [<file> | <pattern> ...]
     tar {-c} [options] [files | directories]
     tar {-r | -u} -f archive-file [options] [files | directories]
     tar {-t | -x} [options] [patterns]

-f（--file=ARCHIVE）: Use archive file or device ARCHIVE.

Operation mode:

-c/--create：创建打包
-r/--append：追加打包

       -c, --create
              Create a new archive.  Arguments supply the names of the files
              to be archived.  Directories are archived recursively, unless
              the --no-recursion option is given.

       -r, --append
              Append files to the end of an archive.  Arguments have the
              same meaning as for -c (--create).

-t/--list：列举、查看、预览
-x/--extract：解包还原

       -t, --list
              List the contents of an archive.  Arguments are optional.
              When given, they specify the names of the members to list.

       -x, --extract, --get
              Extract files from an archive.  Arguments are optional.  When
              given, they specify names of the archive members to be
              extracted.

Compression options:

指定 -c、-t 或 -x 的压缩/查看/解压缩方式：

-z/--gzip：gzip/gunzip
-j/--bzip2：bzip2/bunzip2

       -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip
              Filter the archive through gzip(1).

       -Z, --compress, --uncompress
              Filter the archive through compress(1).

       -j, --bzip2
              Filter the archive through bzip2(1).

       -J, --xz
              Filter the archive through xz(1).

If your system does not use GNU tar, you can still create a compressed tar file, via the following syntax:

$ tar -cvf - file1 file2 dir3 | gzip > archive.tar.gz

$ tar -cvf - file1 file2 dir3 | gzip > archive.tar.gz

tar+gzip(.tgz)#

gzip -- compression/decompression tool using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)

SYNOPSIS: gunzip = gzip -d

gzip [-cdfhkLlNnqrtVv] [-S suffix] file [file [...]]
gunzip [-cfhkLNqrtVv] [-S suffix] file [file [...]]
zcat [-fhV] file [file [...]]

Usage Demo:

压缩(-c)：tar -czvf compressed_archive.tar.gz /path/to/dir/
列举(-t)：tar -tzvf compressed_archive.tar.gz
解压(-x)：tar -xzvf compressed_archive.tar.gz -C /path/to/dir/

文件后缀：.tar.gz(.tgz) = 打包（.tar） + 压缩（.gz）。

create#

tar 利用 gzip（-z）压缩打包（-c）文件（-f）：

# 将所有的 *.log 文件打包到 avg_speed.tar.gz
$ tar -czv -f avg_speed.tar.gz ~/Downloads/Logs/*-avg_speed.log
a Users/faner/Downloads/Logs/2019-12-01-10-avg_speed.log
a Users/faner/Downloads/Logs/2019-12-01-11-avg_speed.log
a Users/faner/Downloads/Logs/2019-12-01-15-avg_speed.log
a Users/faner/Downloads/Logs/2019-12-01-21-avg_speed.log

# 将所有的 *.png 文件打包到 map_image.tar.gz
$ tar -czv -f map_image.tar.gz ~/Downloads/Images/map-*.png
tar: Removing leading '/' from member names
a Users/faner/Downloads/Images/map-深圳市东湖公园.png
a Users/faner/Downloads/Images/map-深圳市梧桐山森林公园.png
a Users/faner/Downloads/Images/map-深圳市民中心周边公园.png

list(preview)#

file 命令查看文件属性：

$ file avg_speed.tar.gz
avg_speed.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, last modified: Sun Dec 15 02:08:21 2019, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 19456

# -b, --brief ; -I, --mime
$ file -bI avg_speed.tar.gz
application/gzip; charset=binary

tar 利用 gzip（-z）列举/查看/预览（-t）压缩打包文件（-f）：

$ tar -tzv -f avg_speed.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--  0 faner  staff    2394 Dec  1 16:54 Users/faner/Downloads/Logs/2019-12-01-10-avg_speed.log
-rw-r--r--  0 faner  staff    1638 Dec  1 16:55 Users/faner/Downloads/Logs/2019-12-01-11-avg_speed.log
-rw-r--r--  0 faner  staff    1640 Dec  1 17:00 Users/faner/Downloads/Logs/2019-12-01-15-avg_speed.log
-rw-r--r--  0 faner  staff    1184 Dec  1 21:38 Users/faner/Downloads/Logs/2019-12-01-21-avg_speed.log

$ tar -tzv -f map_image.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--  0 faner  staff 2619042 Dec  2  2018 Users/faner/Downloads/Images/map-深圳市东湖公园.png
-rw-r--r--  0 faner  staff 2592064 Dec  2  2018 Users/faner/Downloads/Images/map-深圳市梧桐山森林公园.png
-rw-r--r--  0 faner  staff 2888867 Dec  2  2018 Users/faner/Downloads/Images/map-深圳市民中心周边公园.png

extract#

tar 利用 gzip（-z）解压（-x）压缩打包文件（-f）到指定目录（-C）：

如果不通过 -C 指定解压目录，则默认解压到当前目录！

$ mkdir avg_speed.tar

$ tar -xzv -f avg_speed.tar.gz -C ./avg_speed.tar
x 2019-12-01-10-avg_speed.log
x 2019-12-01-11-avg_speed.log
x 2019-12-01-15-avg_speed.log
x 2019-12-01-21-avg_speed.log

tar+bzip2(.tbz2)#

bzip2, bunzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor
bzcat - decompresses files to stdout
bzip2recover - recovers data from damaged bzip2 files

SYNOPSIS: bunzip2 = bzip2 -d

bzip2 [ -cdfkqstvzVL123456789 ] [ filenames ... ]
bunzip2 [ -fkvsVL ] [ filenames ... ]
bzcat [ -s ] [ filenames ... ]
bzip2recover filename

use bzip2 compression instead of gzip compression.

-j : Compress archive using bzip2 program in Linux or Unix

-j 替代 -z，即可用 bzip2 替换 gzip。

压缩(-c)：tar -cjvf compressed_archive.tar.bz2 /path/to/dir/
列举(-t)：tar -tjvf compressed_archive.tar.bz2
解压(-x)：tar -xjvf compressed_archive.tar.bz2 -C /path/to/dir/

文件后缀：.tar.bz2(.tbz2) = 打包（.tar） + 压缩（.bz2）。

create#

tar 利用 bzip2（-j）压缩打包（-c）文件（-f）：

# 将所有的 *.log 文件打包到 avg_speed.tar.bz2
$ tar -cjv -f avg_speed.tar.bz2 ~/Downloads/Logs/*-avg_speed.log

# 将所有的 *.png 文件打包到 map_image.tar.bz2
$ tar -cjv -f map_image.tar.bz2 ~/Downloads/Images/map-*.png

list(preview)#

file 命令查看文件属性：

$ file avg_speed.tar.bz2
avg_speed.tar.bz2: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k

# -b, --brief ; -I, --mime
$ file -bI avg_speed.tar.bz2
application/x-bzip2; charset=binary

tar 利用 bzip2（-j）列举/查看/预览（-t）压缩打包文件（-f）：

$ tar -tjv -f avg_speed.tar.bz2

$ tar -tjv -f map_image.tar.bz2

extract#

tar 利用 bzip2（-z）解压（-x）压缩打包文件（-f）到指定目录（-C）：

如果不通过 -C 指定解压目录，则默认解压到当前目录！

$ mkdir avg_speed.tar

$ tar -xjv -f avg_speed.tar.bz2 -C ./avg_speed.tar

Linux Command - tar/bzip2

tar - tape archives#

tar+gzip(.tgz)#

create#

list(preview)#

extract#

tar+bzip2(.tbz2)#

create#

list(preview)#

extract#

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