nginx查看日志及控制命令
nginx 配置文件在哪里？日志文件在哪里？如何实时滚动查看 nginx 日志？如何控制运行中的 nginx 进程？
执行 nginx -h 查看帮助：
$ nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]
Options:
-?,-h : this help
-v : show version and exit
-V : show version and configure options then exit
-t : test configuration and exit
-T : test configuration, dump it and exit
-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /usr/share/nginx/)
-c filename : set configuration file (default: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf)
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
启动时可以通过 -p 选项指定工作目录，通过 -c 选项指定配置文件。
start#
$ cd ~/workspace
$ mkdir nginx && cd nginx
$ mkdir conf && cd conf
# touch nginx.conf
$ vim nginx.conf
在 nginx.conf 中增加反向代理转发配置。
- 检测配置文件：nginx -t -c
pwd/nginx.conf - 启动nginx服务：nginx -p
pwd/ -c nginx.conf
log#
日志文件在哪里？#
Where can I find the error logs of nginx, using FastCGI and Django?
brew install 的 nginx-full，/usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 中没有开启 access_log 和 error_log，默认 log path 在哪里？
可以执行 nginx -h，在 -c filename 选项后面可以看到 default configuration file。
You can use lsof (list of open files) in most cases to find open log files without knowing the configuration.
# macOS
~$ ps aux | grep nginx
faner 33741 0.0 0.0 35126068 3596 ?? S 7:34AM 0:00.30 nginx: worker process
root 33691 0.0 0.0 34425616 6392 ?? Ss 7:34AM 0:00.03 nginx: master process /usr/local/opt/nginx-full/bin/nginx -g daemon off;
~$ lsof -p 33741 | grep log
nginx 33741 faner 1u REG 1,13 0 25121281 /usr/local/var/log/nginx.log
nginx 33741 faner 2w REG 1,13 51695 3821144 /usr/local/var/log/nginx/error.log
nginx 33741 faner 4w REG 1,13 2103983 3821142 /usr/local/var/log/nginx/access.log
nginx 33741 faner 5w REG 1,13 51695 3821144 /usr/local/var/log/nginx/error.log
日志重定向到标准输出#
daemon off;
error_log /dev/stdout warn;
access_log /dev/stdout main;
tail实时滚动显示log#
Linux 中有一个 tail 命令，常用来显示一个文件的最后n行文档内容。
但在更多情况下，我们要在服务器端运行程序，并且需要实时监控运行日志，这时候有什么办法实时滚动显示log文件内容？
tail 命令加 -f 参数可以满足这一需求，具体用法如下：
nginx -s#
Controlling NGINX Processes at Runtime
To reload your configuration, you can stop or restart NGINX, or send signals to the master process. A signal can be sent by running the nginx command (invoking the NGINX executable) with the -s argument.
nginx -s <SIGNAL>
where <SIGNAL> can be one of the following:
quit– Shut down gracefully (theSIGQUITsignal)reload– Reload the configuration file (theSIGHUPsignal)reopen– Reopen log files (theSIGUSR1signal)stop– Shut down immediately (or fast shutdown, theSIGTERMsingal)
For more information about advanced signals (for performing live binary upgrades, for example), see Controlling nginx at nginx.org.
nginx -s 命令：
# Shut down gracefully (the `SIGQUIT` signal)
nginx -s quit
# Shut down immediately (or fast shutdown, the `SIGTERM` singal)
nginx -s stop
# Reload the configuration file (the `SIGHUP` signal)
nginx -s reload
# Reopen log files (the `SIGUSR1` signal)
nginx -s reopen
kill -SIG#
The kill utility can also be used to send a signal directly to the master process. The process ID of the master process is written, by default, to the nginx.pid file, which is located in the /usr/local/nginx/logs or /var/run directory.
pid#
The process ID of the master process is written to the file /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid by default. This name may be changed at configuration time, or in nginx.conf using the pid directive.
macOS 下通过 brew 安装的nginx 默认pid存储路径是
/usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid
# 查看pid文件中存储的 master_pid
$ cat /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid
7524
# 查询nginx进程
$ ps -lef | grep -i nginx:
501 7524 1 4 0 31 0 4337568 692 - Ss 0 ?? 0:00.00 nginx: master pr 7:32AM
501 7525 7524 4 0 31 0 4337628 812 - S 0 ?? 0:00.00 nginx: worker pr 7:32AM
# 查询提取nginx进程号
$ ps -lef | grep -i nginx: | awk '{ print $2}'
7524
7525
SIG#
nginx can be controlled with signals.
关于信号量，可以 man signal 查看说明文档：
| No | Name | Default Action | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SIGHUP | terminate process | terminal line hangup |
| 2 | SIGINT | terminate process | interrupt program |
| 3 | SIGQUIT | create core image | quit program |
| 9 | SIGKILL | terminate process | kill program |
| 15 | SIGTERM | terminate process | software termination signal |
| 30 | SIGUSR1 | terminate process | User defined signal 1 |
nginx启动、重启、关闭
How to stop nginx on Mac OS X
nginx reload 报错，彻底杀死nginx进程
若 nginx.conf 配置了主进程pid（master_pid）的存储路径，则可以通过读取pid执行kill命令发送信号。
调用 kill 命令发送信号操控nginx进程：
# 从容停止主进程
kill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid`
# 快速停止主进程
kill -TERM `cat /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid`
kill -INT `cat /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid`
# 平滑重启
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid`
# 强制停止名称包含nginx的进程
pkill -KILL nginx
# 强制停止所有nginx进程
ps -lef | grep -i nginx: | awk '{ print $2}' | xargs kill -KILL
services#
在具体的操作系统平台上，提供了相应的服务管理工具，例如 brew services 在 macOS 上调用 launchctl，在 linux 下调用 systemctl 来管理服务。
$ brew help services
Usage: brew services [subcommand]
Manage background services with macOS' launchctl(1) daemon manager or Linux's
systemctl(1) service manager.