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python常用模块概览

Python内置模块 builtins 概览，包括常见 FUNCTIONS 和基础 CLASSES。

Popular Modules 

inspect.getmodule(object)
Try to guess which module an object was defined in.

sys#

  • sys

    This module provides access to some objects used or maintained by the
    interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.

  • os

    OS routines for NT or Posix depending on what system we're on.

  • platform

    This module tries to retrieve as much platform-identifying data as possible.

Python中判断当前系统版本信息

argparse#

  • getopt

    Parser for command line options.
    This module helps scripts to parse the command line arguments in
    sys.argv. It supports the same conventions as the Unix getopt()
    function.

  • optparse

    A powerful, extensible, and easy-to-use option parser.

  • argparse

    Command-line parsing library

通过 getopt 可解析 Python 传入的参数，argparse 则是一个可以自动生成使用帮助（usage）的 Python 模块。

从2.7开始废弃 optparse 模块，建议使用 argparse。

argparse module is an optparse-inspired command-line parsing library

参考：

Python命令行参数解析：getopt和argparse
python命令行参数处理：argparse、optparse和getopt
python入门：sys.argv与optparse与argparse与getopt的区别

string#

  • string

    A collection of string constants.

path utilities#

  • pathlib

  • nturl2path/macurl2path

    Macintosh-specific module for conversion between pathnames and URLs.

glob & re#

  • glob

    Filename globbing utility.

  • re

    Support for regular expressions (RE).

time#

  • time

    This module provides various functions to manipulate time values.

  • datetime

    Fast implementation of the datetime type.

  • timeit

    Tool for measuring execution time of small code snippets.

config#

  • sysconfig

    Access to Python's configuration information.

  • configparser

    Configuration file parser.

serialization#

  • xml

    Core XML support for Python.

  • json

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) http://json.org is a subset of
JavaScript syntax (ECMA-262 3rd edition) used as a lightweight data
interchange format.

  • plistlib

    a tool to generate and parse MacOSX .plist files.

storage#

  • tempfile

    Temporary files.
    This module provides generic, low- and high-level interfaces for
    creating temporary files and directories.

  • sqlite3

crypt#

  • random

    Random variable generators.

  • base64

    Base16, Base32, Base64 (RFC 3548), Base85 and Ascii85 data encodings.

  • binhex

    Macintosh binhex compression/decompression.

  • secrets

    Generate cryptographically strong pseudo-random numbers suitable for
    managing secrets such as account authentication, tokens, and similar.

  • crypt

    Wrapper to the POSIX crypt library call and associated functionality.

  • ssl

    This module provides some more Pythonic support for SSL.

threading#

  • signal

  • threading

    Thread module emulating a subset of Java's threading model.

  • dummy_threading

    Faux threading version using dummy_thread instead of thread.

network#

  • ipaddress

    A fast, lightweight IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library in Python.
    This library is used to create/poke/manipulate IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
    and networks. 

>>> import socket
# indicating if IPv6 is supported
>>> socket.has_ipv6
True

socket#

  • socket

    This module provides socket operations and some related functions.
    On Unix, it supports IP (Internet Protocol) and Unix domain sockets.
    On other systems, it only supports IP. Functions specific for a
    socket are available as methods of the socket object.

  • socketserver

    Generic socket server classes.

select#

  • select

    This module supports asynchronous I/O on multiple file descriptors.

  • selectors

    Selectors module.
    This module allows high-level and efficient I/O multiplexing, built upon the
    select module primitives.

asyncio#

  • asynchat

    A class supporting chat-style (command/response) protocols.
    This class adds support for 'chat' style protocols - where one side
    sends a 'command', and the other sends a response (examples would be
    the common internet protocols - smtp, nntp, ftp, etc..).

  • asyncio

    The asyncio package, tracking PEP 3156.

  • asyncore

    Basic infrastructure for asynchronous socket service clients and servers.

urllib#

  • urllib

    • error
    • parse
    • request
    • response
    • robotparser

  • webbrowser

    Interfaces for launching and remotely controlling Web browsers.

html & http#

  • html

    General functions for HTML manipulation.

  • http

    • client
    • cookiejar
    • cookies
    • server

  • cgi

    Support module for CGI (Common Gateway Interface) scripts.
    This module defines a number of utilities for use by CGI scripts
    written in Python.

other libs#

  • ftplib

    An FTP client class and some helper functions.

  • smtpd

    An RFC 5321 smtp proxy with optional RFC 1870 and RFC 6531 extensions.

  • smtplib

    SMTP/ESMTP client class.

  • telnetlib

    TELNET client class.

trace#

syslog#

  • syslog

  • logging

    Logging package for Python. Based on PEP 282 and comments thereto in
    comp.lang.python.

trace#

  • symtable

    Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables

  • trace

    program/module to trace Python program or function execution

  • traceback

    Extract, format and print information about Python stack traces.

test#

  • unittest

    Python unit testing framework

  • test

    Dummy file to make this directory a package.

参考：

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