macOS下zsh的使用配置
zsh 帮助、环境变量和配置相关的使用记录。
zsh 版本#
执行 zsh --version 或 echo $ZSH_VERSION 可查看 zsh 版本：
# 查看 zsh 版本
faner@MBP-FAN:~|⇒ zsh --version
zsh 5.3 (x86_64-apple-darwin17.0)
faner@MBP-FAN:~|⇒ echo $ZSH_VERSION
5.3
zsh 帮助#
执行 man zsh 可查看 zsh 帮助手册：
################################################################################
# man zsh
################################################################################
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh/custom|master
ZSH(1) ZSH(1)
NAME
zsh - the Z shell
OVERVIEW
Because zsh contains many features, the zsh manual has been split into a number of sec-
tions:
zsh Zsh overview (this section)
zshroadmap Informal introduction to the manual
zshmisc Anything not fitting into the other sections
zshexpn Zsh command and parameter expansion
zshparam Zsh parameters
zshoptions Zsh options
zshbuiltins Zsh built-in functions
zshzle Zsh command line editing
zshcompwid Zsh completion widgets
zshcompsys Zsh completion system
zshcompctl Zsh completion control
zshmodules Zsh loadable modules
zshtcpsys Zsh built-in TCP functions
zshzftpsys Zsh built-in FTP client
zshcontrib Additional zsh functions and utilities
zshall Meta-man page containing all of the above
可 man 查看各个子主题，或 man zshall 查看完整文档。
ZSH 环境变量#
输入 echo $ZSH 再按 tab 键可列举所有以 ZSH 开头的环境变量：
################################################################################
# ZSH envirment variables
################################################################################
faner@MBP-FAN:~|⇒ echo $ZSH
ZSH ZSH_NAME ZSH_THEME_GIT_PROMPT_PREFIX
ZSH_ARGZERO ZSH_PATCHLEVEL ZSH_THEME_GIT_PROMPT_SUFFIX
ZSH_CACHE_DIR ZSH_SPECTRUM_TEXT ZSH_THEME_TERM_TAB_TITLE_IDLE
ZSH_COMPDUMP ZSH_SUBSHELL ZSH_THEME_TERM_TITLE_IDLE
ZSH_CUSTOM ZSH_THEME ZSH_VERSION
ZSH_DISABLE_COMPFIX ZSH_THEME_GIT_PROMPT_CLEAN zsh_eval_context
ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT ZSH_THEME_GIT_PROMPT_DIRTY zsh_scheduled_events
ZSH 目录#
################################################################################
# ZSH DIR
################################################################################
faner@MBP-FAN:~|⇒ echo $ZSH
/Users/faner/.oh-my-zsh
faner@MBP-FAN:~|⇒ cd $ZSH
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_CACHE_DIR
/Users/faner/.oh-my-zsh/cache
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_COMPDUMP
/Users/faner/.zcompdump-MBP-FAN-5.3
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_CUSTOM
/Users/faner/.oh-my-zsh/custom
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_DISABLE_COMPFIX
true
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT
toplevel
git 仓库#
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ git remote -v
origin https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh.git (fetch)
origin https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh.git (push)
子目录#
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ ls -1
CONTRIBUTING.md
LICENSE.txt
README.md
cache
custom
lib
log
oh-my-zsh.sh
plugins
templates
themes
tools
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ tree -L 1
.
├── CONTRIBUTING.md
├── LICENSE.txt
├── README.md
├── cache
├── custom
├── lib
├── log
├── oh-my-zsh.sh
├── plugins
├── templates
├── themes
└── tools
8 directories, 4 files
cache：缓存；custom：个性化配置目录，自安装的插件和主题可放这里；lib：提供了核心功能的脚本库；log：日志；plugins：自带插件的存在放位置;templates：自带模板的存在放位置;themes：自带主题文件的存在放位置;tools：提供安装、升级等功能的快捷工具;
ZSH 名称#
################################################################################
# ZSH_NAME
################################################################################
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_NAME
zsh
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_PATCHLEVEL
zsh-5.3-0-g4cfdbdb
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_SPECTRUM_TEXT
Arma virumque cano Troiae qui primus ab oris
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_SUBSHELL
0
ZSH 主题#
################################################################################
# ZSH_THEME
################################################################################
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_THEME
pygmalion
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_THEME_GIT_PROMPT_CLEAN
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_THEME_GIT_PROMPT_DIRTY
%{%}⚡%{%}
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_THEME_GIT_PROMPT_PREFIX
%{%}%{%}
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_THEME_GIT_PROMPT_SUFFIX
%{%}
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_THEME_TERM_TAB_TITLE_IDLE
%15<..<%~%<<
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ echo $ZSH_THEME_TERM_TITLE_IDLE
%n@%m: %~
zsh 默认主题是 robbyrussell，可在 ~/.zshrc 中修改为 pygmalion：
可将主题设置为随机（random），这样每次启动新 zsh 命令行窗口时，会随机从默认主题中选择一个。
根据提示可知当前加载的主题名称：
当觉得当前主题比较中意时，可配置到 ~/.zshrc 作为 ZSH_THEME。
- https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Themes
- https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/External-themes
- https://github.com/unixorn/awesome-zsh-plugins#themes
ZSH 配置#
~/.zshrc
man zsh 可知，zsh 的配置文件如下：
# man zsh on macOS
FILES
$ZDOTDIR/.zshenv
$ZDOTDIR/.zprofile
$ZDOTDIR/.zshrc
$ZDOTDIR/.zlogin
$ZDOTDIR/.zlogout
${TMPPREFIX}* (default is /tmp/zsh*)
/etc/zshenv
/etc/zprofile
/etc/zshrc
/etc/zlogin
/etc/zlogout (installation-specific - /etc is the default)
omz 插件#
Oh My Zsh 默认自带的插件存放在 ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins 目录中，可以 cd 进入查看。
Oh My Zsh 默认只启用了 git 插件：
可进入 git 插件目录，执行 git remote -v 查看插件远端仓库；
打开 README.md 文档可查看插件说明：
faner@MBP-FAN:~|⇒ cd $ZSH/plugins
cd $ZSH/plugins
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git|master
⇒ git remote -v
git remote -v
origin https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh.git (fetch)
origin https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh.git (push)
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git|master
⇒ open README.md
The git plugin provides many aliases and a few useful functions.
See the wiki for a list of aliases and functions provided by the plugin.
如需启用更多插件，可在括号中以空格相隔加入所需插件：
更多插件可参考：
https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Plugins
https://github.com/unixorn/awesome-zsh-plugins
https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Plugins-Overview
omz 更新#
当 Oh-My-Zsh 有更新时，默认提示确认是否升级。
可在 ~/.zshrc 中添加 DISABLE_UPDATE_PROMPT=true 禁用提示自动更新。
或执行 upgrade_oh_my_zsh 命令手动更新：
faner@MBP-FAN:~/.oh-my-zsh|master ⇒ upgrade_oh_my_zsh
Updating Oh My Zsh
remote: Counting objects: 1671, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (845/845), done.
remote: Total 1671 (delta 887), reused 1482 (delta 723), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (1671/1671), 378.39 KiB | 43.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (887/887), completed with 183 local objects.
From https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh
* branch master -> FETCH_HEAD
4cb7307..0853b74 master -> origin/master
LICENSE.txt | 2 +-
README.md | 38 +-
260 files changed, 7672 insertions(+), 2508 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 custom/themes/example.zsh-theme
mode change 100644 => 100755 themes/trapd00r.zsh-theme
First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...
Fast-forwarded master to 0853b74fef0fa3a05af7487ff9b15a7f714bb037.
__ __
____ / /_ ____ ___ __ __ ____ _____/ /_
/ __ \/ __ \ / __ `__ \/ / / / /_ / / ___/ __ \
/ /_/ / / / / / / / / / / /_/ / / /_(__ ) / / /
\____/_/ /_/ /_/ /_/ /_/\__, / /___/____/_/ /_/
/____/
Hooray! Oh My Zsh has been updated and/or is at the current version.
To keep up on the latest news and updates, follow us on twitter: https://twitter.com/ohmyzsh
Get your Oh My Zsh swag at: https://shop.planetargon.com/
最新提示：Note: upgrade_oh_my_zsh is deprecated. Use omz update instead.
执行 omz help 查看帮助：
$ omz help
Usage: omz <command> [options]
Available commands:
help Print this help message
changelog Print the changelog
plugin <command> Manage plugins
pr <command> Manage Oh My Zsh Pull Requests
reload Reload the current zsh session
theme <command> Manage themes
update Update Oh My Zsh
version Show the version
执行 omz 更新，会自动更新内置插件（存放在 $ZSH/plugins 目录）。
更新 custom 插件#
oh my zsh - How to auto-update custom plugins in Oh My Zsh? - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange
Oh My Zsh upgrades are handled by the $ZSH/tools/upgrade.sh script. To update any custom plugins (assuming those are Git clones), you can add these lines to the end of the script before the exit command:
cd $ZSH_CUSTOM
printf "\n${BLUE}%s${RESET}\n" "Updating custom plugins, scripts and themes"
for plugin in ./*/*; do
if [ -d "$plugin/.git" ]; then
printf "${YELLOW}%s${RESET}\n" "${plugin%/}"
# git -C "$plugin" pull
fi
done
也可以下载使用 autoupdate 插件。
oh-my-zsh plugin for auto updating of git-repositories in
$ZSH_CUSTOMfolder.